India Pakistan Conflict 2025: Simple Explanation, Legal Impact & Operation Sindoor

Introduction

The India Pakistan conflict 2025 began with a deadly terrorist attack and quickly escalated into military action and diplomatic tensions. In this blog, we explain the entire conflict in simple language — from what triggered it to the military operations, legal impacts, and the global response. This guide is for anyone trying to understand South Asian geopolitics without legal or military jargon.

What Triggered the India Pakistan Conflict 2025?

On April 22, 2025, a tragic terrorist attack took place in Pahalgam, Kashmir, killing 26 civilians, mostly Hindu tourists. The group The Resistance Front (TRF) claimed responsibility. TRF is linked to the banned terror group Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT).

India blamed Pakistan for providing support and shelter to the terrorists — a charge Pakistan strongly denied. This blame game, however, led to serious military action.

India’s Military Response: Operation Sindoor

India responded with Operation Sindoor on May 7, 2025. This was a major air and drone strike operation across the Line of Control (LoC) in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

Highlights:

• First-ever use of coordinated drone warfare by India.
• Five major terror training camps were destroyed.
• Indian Defence Ministry claimed minimal civilian casualties.
• Strong public support in India for the government’s action.

This aggressive step shocked Pakistan and set off immediate retaliation.

Pakistan’s Retaliation: Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos

In response, Pakistan launched Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos, mainly using missiles, artillery, and drones to strike Indian military bases along the border.

Key Events:

• Shelling lasted three days.
• An army base in Baramulla was hit.
• Some Indian drones were reportedly shot down by Pakistan.

The situation became dangerous fast, with both countries being nuclear powers.

Ceasefire and Diplomatic Fallout

A ceasefire was finally declared on May 10, 2025, after top military leaders from both countries spoke directly. However, diplomatic relations took a major hit:

• India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty.
• Pakistan closed its airspace to Indian flights.
• Both countries stopped visa services.
• Ambassadors were recalled.

These actions showed that even if guns stopped firing, trust was badly broken.

Legal and International Law Points (In Simple Terms)

The India Pakistan conflict 2025 also raised important legal questions:

1. Pre-emptive Strikes: Under international law (UN Charter Article 51), a country can defend itself if attacked. But using force first is controversial unless the threat is truly immediate.
2. Violation of Sovereignty: Striking inside another country without UN approval may violate Article 2(4) of the UN Charter.
3. Geneva Conventions: Both countries must avoid harming civilians and follow humanitarian law in conflict zones.
4. Suspending Treaties: India’s decision to pause the Indus Waters Treaty has raised questions under customary international law and could be challenged at international forums.

International Reactions

Many global powers got involved to stop the conflict from growing:

• United Nations: Called for peace talks and offered peacekeeping support.
• USA: Offered to mediate and urged restraint.
• China and Russia: Asked both sides to stay calm.
• Gulf Countries: Quietly acted as mediators behind the scenes.

Indus Waters Treaty Suspension: Why It Matters

India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, which has been in place since 1960. This treaty shares water from rivers like the Indus, Ravi, and Sutlej with Pakistan. Stopping it could cause a water crisis in Pakistan.

Some experts see this as India using water as a political weapon, which is a serious issue under international water laws.

Conclusion

The India Pakistan conflict 2025 is a reminder that old issues like Kashmir can still turn violent. While the ceasefire is holding for now, the damage to diplomatic relations, public trust, and legal agreements will take a long time to heal.

For lasting peace, both countries need honest dialogue, respect for law, and strong action against terrorism. Only then can the people of South Asia look forward to a peaceful future.